ABSTRACT The attention of contemporary planners to environmental factors and increasing awareness and communication of man with his surrounding environment has increased the layers and defining factors of Design and Planning concepts. In such a way, a common problem with the issue of environmental capabilities to respond was put in front of the planners. The collection of ideas presented in this era was in the form of responsive Planning, focusing on the maximum use of environmental capabilities. The necessity of the emergence of a comprehensive discourse to overcome the plurality of factors, definitions and Design methods in the environmental fields has been given less attention. Based on this, the current research aims to organize the leading theories in this field in a targeted manner and seeks to improve them based on their synergy. The structural question of this research is the meanings, examples and meaningful contexts of flexibility in various aspects and scales of Urban Planning. The research method used is qualitative thematic analysis with the help of artificial intelligence in MAXQDA software in a 6-step processing process. The important application of this research is to structure the minds of the planners of this field to reduce the scattered and interdisciplinary problems of the resources. The results of this research revealed dimensions such as identification and recognizability, diversity and changeability, adaptability and expandability, distribution, separation and continuity, organization and compatibility in the field of flexibility and related to the corresponding parts in Urban Planning   Extended Abstract Introduction Responsiveness-based Design and Planning emphasizing the maximum use of environmental capacities to meet users' needs implicitly cause a targeted improvement of environmental quality. As the environmental awareness of contemporary man has expanded and the platforms have become more diverse, many challenges are raised in the field of environment-oriented in the field of infrastructure quality and service provision. Urban developments and new developments in cities should be interpreted with integrated conceptualization. The conceptualization of interpretive flexibility in the Planning and Designing of public spaces in the city is used as an interdisciplinary perspective in Urban space Design to open and discuss its connection and potential as an approach to strengthening social cohesion and inclusion. The general definition of flexibility is that it can create places with new forms of meaning and be used for different groups to strengthen its coherence and multidisciplinary inclusion in terms of Design and Planning of space and body. On this basis, the concept of flexibility is proposed as a principle in the context of Design and Planning due to its wide range of effects on background phenomena. The history of such a role can be seen in the diversity of users' needs. In such a way, it is impossible to express the specific time and area of the need to pay attention to this concept. This is in line with Oldenburg's theory of "social public spaces," in which being in public space, communicating with people and the environment through observing the streets, sidewalks, squares, and parks of the city is a necessary step for people as a part of their social life. The meaningfulness of the Design of the artificial environment was considered. In any case, in the contemporary era, on the one hand, at the same time as the quantitative and qualitative increase of human environmental awareness, there is no longer any phenomenon in the eyes of contemporary man arising from a unique aspect and range of factors. On the other hand, his life needs in the individual and collective dimensions have seen a high diversity, which has led to the formation of multiple semantic domains of past flexibility. The meaning of flexibility in such an interdisciplinary platform and basic Design refers to the concept of understanding and responding quickly and efficiently to environmental changes. Such a holistic definition for this broad field of environmental Design means the implicit acceptance of the role of scale in the meaningful domain of these concepts. On a macro scale, it means making Design options to increase the presence, participation, and power of choices of users of the environment in participatory Urban Planning and Design methods, and on a small scale, it means making Design options to increase spatial quality and, as a result, the quality of activities. The daily activities of environmental users are through selection against the "dominant space." Flexibility at different scales is crucial for dimensional optimization, shaping, and structuring spatial features, leading to improved performance of space components and spaces. The development of the concept of "flexibility" from various studies in metropolitan to micro scales, such as interior architecture, allows it to pass the discourse of responsiveness to provide a broad approach to environmental Design in which different values, interests, and priorities are prioritized. As a result, the issue of flexibility in environmental Design has been raised as a multi-dimensional field in the Design and Planning of the basic environment. The breadth and complexity of this concept have made the researchers of this field deal with it in one or more ways, and it has been avoided to provide a comprehensive framework about the nature and structuring processes. The current research presents a structured view of flexibility in architecture and Urban Planning with an environmental approach.   Methodology The methodology to achieve this goal is to use the macro research method and achieve a comprehensive framework by combining categorized interpretations. In such a way that by sorting and categorizing these concepts and bases in a new way, he has found a new level of theoretical findings, which will be a suitable answer for the gaps in scientific knowledge and scientific methods created in this field. In this context, the research method "thematic analysis" has been used with a qualitative approach and the use of library resources. Also, to overcome the breadth and complexity of these concepts and the multi-layer networking of concepts in this research method, artificial intelligence has been used in MAXQDA research assistance software.   Results and discussion In the meantime, attention should also be paid to the fields of influence and application of the results of this research because Designers refer to flexibility as the creator of environmental qualities, including dynamism. Also, since flexibility, along with the principles of readability and adaptability, affect the lifestyle and behavioral patterns of the audience of environmental Design in architecture and Urban Planning, it will also be effective in dealing with the challenge of complexity in environmental Design factors. One of the key questions for achieving research goals on this issue is how flexibility in environmental Design impacts the relationship between flexibility and scale.   Conclusion The most important finding of this research suggests that first, it requires a focus on the conditions under which the processes of perceiving human abilities and discovering the needs of the human audience can manifest. The theoretical framework arises from a comparative approach between Design disciplines. These conditions are independent of the final state of the Design product, and strengthening the environmental capacities will lead to a direction and an area that includes environmental flexibility. By responding to new situations, the construction of the space and the body within a space building can be adapted to various configurations. Even though the environment may remain constant, the Designed place will continue functioning as a strong living system over time.  It also seems that the nature of issues related to flexibility has complexity. Considering that the quality of flexibility in Urban Planning and architecture is significant in multilevel and multifaceted scales from micro to macro, it is important to pay attention to the scale of different variables. In order to reduce this problem, the consistency and adjustment of the scale of the variables measured in a specific analysis should be considered in the first step.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

How citizens perceive and understand their surrounding environment depends on several dynamic and static contextual factors. Such a subjective and context-based understanding can create different emotions and feelings in people, which has created a new and adjunct approach toward studying spatial and temporal structure of the city. Investigating the relationship between built environment as a physical dimension and behavioral and emotional aspects of human has received much attention in recent studies, especially in Urban Planning and Design studies, and has become an urgent issue in recent years. The purpose of theoretical, empirical, and applied researches in this field is generally enhancing the quality of life in city through studying a new layer that focuses on emotional-behavioral aspects of individuals. This emotional-subjective attitude toward space and its impact on the individual’ s behavior in space has become important and has been utilized in recent years under the title of “ Urban emotions” approach, as an interdisciplinary field. Therefore, the present study aimed to introduce the approach and research area of “ Urban emotions” and sought to examine the importance and application of this layer in the field of Urban development as well as studying vacancies in this area, and providing suggestions for future studies. Thus, this was done by referring to library resources and reviewing more than 50 published studies consisting of basic theories on the subject, theories of intellectuals in the field of Urban development, and recent projects and researches generally related to the last five years, through descriptive-analytic method and using library resources. The results showed that the studies in this area can be divided into two categories of theories and basic studies and new studies initiated by Christine Nold (2009). The basic view mostly focuses on effective environmental factors in a qualitative and highly general way based on traditional methods of emotion measurement, and is mostly focused on environmental psychology and landscape Design areas, which has less influenced the area of Urban Design and Urban development. But in recent years, the emergence of new methods of measuring emotions in the field of medical sciences, psychology, and computer sciences has provided the possibility of more precise studies in the field of environmental Design. New researches (in the last 5 years) in terms of frequency include four domains: 1) focused on emotion measurement; 2) new methods of emotion measurement; 3) investigating the factors affecting emotion in the environment; and 4) applications of emotion. However, these studies mostly focus on emotion measurement in Urban environments and emotion measurement methods, and few studies have also examined the factors affecting emotion in the environment and its application in the field of Urban development as a pilot. Therefore, based on ongoing studies in the field of emotion monitoring methods, it has become possible to review and study the theories which are more basic, more applied, and exclusive in the field of Urban environment. Also, review of basic theories and recent studies in the field of Urban emotions showed the importance of the issue in the field of Urban development. Despite the importance and application of this interdisciplinary field in Urban studies, the scientific potentials of this new approach in all diverse aspects of Urban use and analysis have not yet been explored which requires more precise and extensive evaluation in Urban sciences. According to the conducted studies and its adaptation to different areas of Urban study, the most important areas of application of this new layer can be: 1) mental health area, 2) happy city and pleasant Urban spaces area, 3) Attachment to place area, and 4) area of collaborative Urban Planning and smart city. Also, evaluation and measurement of the built environment, evaluation of the psychological effects of a plan before its implementation, and providing new citizen-centered Designing and Planning opportunities are among the benefits of applying the subject in the field of Urban development. Overall, the results showed that in recent years, the area of “ Urban emotions” has opened up a new meta-human approach to analysis and examination of dynamic interactions in time, space, and perception and emotions of human, especially in Urban Planning and Designing processes. “ Urban emotions” has proposed a human-centered approach as a mediator between research fields such as geo-informatics, computer science, computational linguistics, sensor technology, citizenship sciences, and spatial Planning. The main purpose was to produce a layer of new information that visualizes the measured spatial emotions. This visualization allows for concluding about humans behavior in Urban environments and creates a new citizen-centered perspective in Designing and Planning process. Over the past few decades, new advances have made the use of new methods and technologies possible. However, scientific potential of this process has not been fully exploited, and the possibility of using it for innovative analysis and simulation needs to be widely evaluated in Urban sciences. These new data and information layers can provide new insights into the development of intrinsically complex and dynamic physical and social structures of Urban environments. It can be used in the field of Urban development and can be generalized and used in other related areas such as public health, traffic management, security, tourism, and more.

Review and evaluation of Urban Planning process and assessment of development plans in past three decades in Iran confirms that these processes are not responding properly to the qualitative aspects of Urban areas. The current situation stems from numerous reasons which could be found in rational nature or manipulative process of survey, development, approval and implementation of plans. To confront these problems and in order to learn from past experiences and develop an appropriate new process which could encompass both city Planning and Design the past trends of city Planning process and its tradition has been studied. Consequently, Design led Planning approach is introduced as an intermediate approach which has been appeared at the commencement of 21 century in Urban studies literatures. This approach which criticizes the linear relationship of Urban Planning and Urban Design disciplines, tries to relate the two disciplines together. In practice this approach can have positive outcomes at all levels of the new strategic Planning hierarchy and policy oriented Urban Design. Planning and Design process will overlap at a certain level at which supplementary Planning document would be produced. The present article reviews the literature to realize the position, the role and the necessity of applying Design led Planning in contemporary Urban studies literature. It then defines the principles and characteristics of this approach. Major principle of Design led Planning areas follows:- Is based on practical objectives - Flexibility of rules and regulations- Realizing the importance and interrelationship of public realm- Considering the effect of density, mixed used and architectural characteristics on the quality of Urban environment,- Importance of environmental quality Characteristics of this approach are as follow:* The Design led Planning approach determines the elements, structure and hierarchy of Planning based on the three dimensional environment and the image quality and considers the qualitative characteristics of the environment. * The Design led Planning approach emphasizes less on the land use standards. In this approach the preferred form and the quality of the environment is more important.* The Design led Planning approach determines the goals and Design criteria. These goals and criteria must be considered in development and approval for plans and must be capable of introduction at large scales.* The Design led Planning approach evaluates the situation and priorities. This evaluation is based on the judgmental abilities of the experts, who can predict the qualitative and spatial outcomes of the development, prior to occurrence.The effect of this approach on the Urban Planning system of England is to the extent at which the qualitative Urban environmental criteria are present in Urban development plans at all levels, with more impact at lower levels. This article proposes some recommendations for introduction of this approach to Iranian Urban Planning system.

On the eve of the year 2021, about a century has passed since the establishment of municipalities, and more than half a century has passed since the establishment of development Planning laws and the beginning of the implementation of Urban Planning projects. The purpose of creating these laws and establishing structures and organizations to implement them was to monitor the creation and development of cities to provide suitable conditions for citizens in life. The results of the implementation of Urban development projects show that these projects, despite spending a lot of money and energy, in many cases do not achieve their goals. Despite these problems, for many years, the lack of coordination of organizations related to Urban management, the lack of appropriate methods for preparing and implementing Urban plans and the lack of technical and financial capacity in the organs have been raised as important issues in project inefficiency. But the importance of not paying attention to the infrastructure that can affect Urban management and Planning has been overlooked and among all the factors, water has the most fundamental role as the main source of life and the basis of development. This grounded theory method first examines the causes and known factors of inefficiency of Urban Planning in Iran, explains the relationship between this issue and the critical factors of inefficiency and then identifies the effect of paying attention to the pivotal role of water in eliminating many of these factors, By presenting a local model for using the basics of watersensitive city Design in Urban Planning, offers a proposal for operationalizing and making more practical the methods of Urban Planning, which, if used in the future, can solve the problems of Urban Planning in the country. Sensibly reduce and eliminate.

The aim of this paper is to integrate processes of Urban Design and Urban Planning with ambition to increase Urban environment qualities via comparing those differences of Urban Design tendencies and styles in strategic Planning framework. Also this paper examines of Urban Design implementation in Urban Planning process by Urban management system of Iran. Review and evaluation of Urban Planning process and assessment of development plans in past five decades in Iran confirms that these processes are not responding properly to the quality aspects of Urban areas. The current situation stems from numerous reasons which could be found in rational nature or scheming process, survey, approval and implementation of plans. To confront these problems and in order to learn experiences and provide a new process which could encompass both city Planning and Design the traditions of city Planning process has been studied. This approach would link both Urban Planning and Design tendencies. In practice this approach can have positive outcomes at all levels of new strategic Planning hierarchy and policy oriented Urban Design. In Urban development plans, enhancing the Urban environment qualities are significance challenge of planners and Designers. Status quo of Iran show those plan have less been succeed in creating qualitative Urban environment so in recent years experts and professional support qualitative approach to Design and plan of Urban environments in different scale including macro and micro scales plans. There is an essential need to analyze the application of Urban Design by management system in Iran critically, in terms of development plans process as distinct from other land use Planning techniques. The research question intends to understand how Urban Design is utilized and operationalized in development plans process in Iran. The literature review published on Urban Design provides not only an acceptable model for further research [Wolff 1970, Shirvani 1981, Varkki 1977, Punter 1999, Carmona 1997] but also operational definitions of the components of this process. The study uncovered a wide of literature pertaining to Urban Design, the literature however, was in many respects confusing and contradictory in regards to the nature of implementing Urban Design by public officials. The literature review revealed many different approaches to define the tools for Urban Design. These tools yielding a wide variety of terminology and jargon used to describe implementation procedures. Methodology of this research is applied the qualitative method and especially content analysis technique to extract the essence of plans also their objective. This thesis makes use of this literature to examine this process on a recently completed development plans in Mashhad city in Iran. This thesis examines the tools of Urban Design utilized by planners in development plans. The thesis identifies the lack of agreement within academic writing defining the role, practice and function of Urban Design as a source of confusion for the study of professional practice. Findings of paper identify that there are four important factors to enhance quality of Urban environment including: cooperating of Urban Design in whole scale of Planning, cooperating of different professions in development plans, cooperating of stakeholders, clients, and laypeople in whole process of Planning, and adaptability in Planning and change management. Result of this paper show that interaction between Planning and Designing process is necessary and also significance factor to guaranty success of Planning and Designing program in country. Results of this paper could apply in Urban Planning and Designing framework as a guideline to harmony Urban development plans, additionally, it could illustrate environments of Planning system of country to recognize other challenges and problems in that also this study, thus confirms Varkki's argument and advocates for increased attention of scholarly research to be focused on the procedure elements of Urban Design.

A safe neighborhood encourages residents to lead a more physically active lifestyle. Lack of physical activities elevates the risks of various health problems such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Various studies have discussed the effect of safety in physical activities of residents in their area. From a study reviewing previous models, it was observed that these models did not consider all the specified safety factors and their effect at the same time on physical activity. Moreover, in terms of safety in the neighborhood, the assessment factors and models of Tehran neighborhoods are neither standardized nor readily available. Therefore, this paper presents the development of a questionnaire aimed at measuring the safety factors associated with physical activeness of the residents in Tehran’ s Urban neighborhoods. For this purpose, a pilot study, industryrecognized validity, tests, and expert review were employed. In this way, the needed data were collected using survey questionnaires that were distributed among 90 respondents in three neighborhoods of Tehran Metropolis. Finally, the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by Smart Partial Least Squares (PLS) software. The questionnaire has six research constructs linked to five specified research indicators. It is available in both Farsi and English, and back translation was done by field experts to ensure its accuracy in representing the intended measurement. This questionnaire is expected to assist Urban developers and managers in improving the safety condition in Urban neighborhoods of Iran and consequently promoting physical activeness.

This paper presents the results of an earthquake risk study conducted on a district of Tehran Metropolitan area. After a brief review of the theoretical bases and relevant successful experiences, various structural and socioeconomic indices for analytical modeling of the seismic vulnerability in Urban environments are explained.A combination of DELPHI and AHP in a GIS environment is used to apply the analytical model to the district under study. The vulnerability criteria are categorized into two structural and Urban sets with a respective weighting factor. Using these indices, the structural vulnerability of each building is estimated. The effect of Urban conditions is applied through an amplifying factor using the corresponding Urban indices. A scenario based vulnerability evaluation procedure thus yields the priority of implementing the precautionary measures in various parts of the district. The proposed analytical model is also applicable to any other Urban setting.

This article is trying to emphasize on the importance of changing the consistence of the development system to a quality rather than quantity system. considering the quality of Urban spaces, the clarity between Urban spaces for the residents and the improving visual values and Urban sights and how to collect documents of guidance and control for better content quality, are the things discussed in this article.    

Background: The "low carbon" approach emerged as a goal for the economy, society and the city at the beginning of the last century. This approach has been pursued in recent years on micro scales and Urban “ neighborhoods” . But it seems that the scientific literature of Urban Planning in our country, especially at the neighborhood scale, has not been sufficiently addressed. Objectives: This study seeks to develop a theoretical model of "low carbon neighborhood", with the help of local experts and with an indigenous approach, to prioritize and evaluate its indices for application in Urban Planning and Design strategies. Methodology: To this end, while utilizing library studies, more than 30 low-carbon scientific sources, components and indicators of the "low-carbon neighborhood" have been identified and categorized. Then, using a matrix-based questionnaire, 9 of the researchers who studied or researched in this area examined the influence of the components and indicators on the realization of low carbon neighborhood. The survey data were analyzed using the combined "Danp" method and the low-carbon neighborhood model was formulated and analyzed in the form of 6 components and 19 indices. The main components in this model are "form", "access", "user and activity", "natural environment", "facilities and infrastructure", and "local community". Results: The findings show that the most important components / indicators in the realization of low carbon neighborhoods are "local community" and indicators of "culture-raising and public awareness" and "public participation". In the category of "component" indices, "Contextual Fabric" and "Compactness" were identified as the most effective indices in the realization of low carbon neighborhood. In this analytical model, 'local community' and form were identified as affective factors (cause) and the other four components as affective components.

Today the field of Urban Design has emerged as an important area of intellectual pursuit, involving theory, research, and pedagogy, all intended to inform and improve practice. Also, there has been a progressive differentiation between Urban Planning and Urban Design. How has this differentiation occurred? This article calls for a return to Planning values in contemporary increasing differentiation between Planning and Urban Design. A direct explanation of Urban Design nature-without stumbling into a simplistic anti-Design approach-is a necessary step forward in understanding of differentiation trend and real values in Planning process. This article reverse the imposing perspective of neoliberalism, global competition and new Urbanism to trace reassertion of Planning values (such as public interest and social justice) through explanation of fundamental tension between Design and science and changes in Planning process. It signals right from that an intention to tamper with the familiar interpretation of Urban Design theories to shake up current flow of theorization to allow other, more radical thoughts to be emerge. The article will conclude that planners and policy-makers should be involved with public vales more than anything else and considers both fields (Urban Design and Planning) in a neoliberal dominated world of global competition, particularly as personified by the diversified visions produced by the New Urbanism.